Returning to Iran

Preface to Second Edition

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Returning to Iran
by sima
28-Jan-2010
 

Early last summer, the photographer whose work appears on the cover of this book was attacked on the streets in Tehran. He escaped serious injury and arrest but his cameras, including the one that shot this picture, were confiscated. He later emailed his friends a picture of what had remained of his cameras: a lens cover and a piece of chord.

Those confiscated cameras had recorded a great deal over the years. The various accounts of these years, recorded from many perspectives, are crucial in understanding the recent events in Iran. These accounts have borne witness to the past thirty years and not only recorded the darkness of those years but held on to—indeed, detected—the possibility of brighter times to come.

Returning to Iran was published in February 2009, in commemoration of the thirtieth anniversary of the Iranian Revolution. It is not about the events in Iran since June 12, 2009—it is about what has led up to these events.

Only a few months have passed since I wrote in the Preface to the first edition that the third part of this book is a “premature account” of the end of an era. Little did I know then that the muffled rumbling of the recent years was only months away from manifesting itself as a fast gathering storm, one that promises to lead up to the breaking up of the dark clouds of the past three decades. The dispute over the presidential election has been the spark for the expression of wider and deeper discontent. What is at stake is much greater than the outcome of an election.

The first part of this book, “Smoldering in Traffic,” (excerpt) was written after the first election of Ahmadinejad in 2005. It was apparent then that the regime’s only chance for survival was to resort to the brutality and repression that had peaked in the 1980s. Rumor was already spreading that the victory of the new president was in fact a kind of coup by the Revolutionary Guards Corps.

The second part of this book, “Returning to Iran,” (excerpt) was written in the mid 1980s. It depicts not just the extent but the particular form and nature of the brutality that the world seems to become aware of for the first time this year. It also traces the creative intelligence that went underground during that time and promises to burst forth in the near future.

Ahmadinejad has made many mistakes. One which it is doubtful he will ever live down is calling this summer’s demonstrators “khas-o khashak.” Khas-o khashak is the term used for clumps of thorny weeds and other debris blown about in the wind. In one respect, khas-o khashak is an improvement over the word that was used for young people in the past, obash (riff-raff, hoodlums): It is an acknowledgement that not just “disgruntled youth” but a wide segment of the population is taking part in these protests. And the demonstrators were quick to throw the new epithet back in Ahmadinejad’s face. Large banners appeared on the streets declaring the uprising “The Epic of Khas-o Khashak.” The great Mohammad Reza Shajarian, the reigning master of classical Iranian music, angrily objected to the illegal and misleading broadcasting of his voice on state-run media. “Every time I hear my voice broadcast from this venue I am shaken to the core,” he said. “Mine is the voice of khas-o khashak and will always belong to them.”

One of the most memorable signs that were carried on the streets was this one:

I hack the roots of discrimination.

Khashak is you, lowly one,

I am a woman.

Women are no small part of the movement that is taking shape. In the last part of this book (“Kashf-e Hejab”-- excerpt) I refer to the spirit of the women’s movement in Iran as not so much “We shall overcome” but “We shall overwhelm.” It has now become evident that this is the spirit of the uprising at large. People may have for now transformed themselves into a thicket of bramble resisting the attempt to cut them down, but the bramble is fully alive and regenerative. Khas-o khashak is that which is dead. What people will accomplish—sooner perhaps than later—is to overwhelm an edifice that is already crumbling. In the end, it is not going to be the people of Iran who will be dispersed in the wind like tufts of khas-o khashak. It will be the debris from this edifice.

In 2007 when I visited Iran there was a feel of imminence in the air. There was a sense that the regime—not just as a political but as an ideological entity—was simply spent. Whatever might have been the Islamic Republic’s victories in regional and international arenas in its thirty years of power, its own people have long since seen through the false claims it has made on grounds of religion, morality, culture, and social justice.

“I have an irrational and nagging feeling that something is close to coming to an end in Iran,” I wrote in 2007. “There is hardly any evidence to support this, but I have a feeling that another kashf-e hejab is imminent.” Kashf-e Hejab was the 1935 royal decree by which Iranian women shed their veils. I used “Kashf-e Hejab” for the title of the third section of this book as a symbol of not just the shedding of repressive measures against women but of a new era in which the true face of Iran will be revealed. It expressed my sense of the possibility of finally living in the open.

This book appears under my pen name “Sima Nahan.” My original motive for using a pen name was to defer the detection of my identity and its possible repercussions—but that is no longer a concern. I still use the pen name partly in acknowledgement of the underground lives and concealed identities with which we have had to contend since the revolution, and partly because, ultimately, this book was written by the Sima Nahan of the past three decades. This book is a view from behind layers of silence and disguise.

And I will once again tip my hat to those teenagers, circa 1940, the picture of some of whom appears on the back cover of this book. They are the mothers and grandmothers of many of the people in the streets today. But this time they are not just beneficiaries of a top-down decree, nor mere participants in a movement. They have been one of the strongest forces behind the next Kashf-e Hejab.

Maryam Pirnazar

Returning to Iran

For excerpts and more information see www.urtext.us

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more from sima
 
Monda

Love you!

by Monda on

Thank you for your note, I'm honored!


sima

Apologies again

by sima on

I'm sorry I have not responded properly...

Monda: I've always told you I have a couple of people in mind as I write. You're one. Not because you're an old and close friend but because you're a sharp reader with good instincts -- and it doesn't have to do with your training in psychology. It's much older than that!

AA:Thanks for emailing me. We'll be in touch!

Princess: You're great. I hope to meet some day soon.

Anonymouse: The gerdoo avatar was JJ's idea. I loved it the minute I saw it. He has this amazing talent for cropping pictures. I don't know what it's called!

JJ: Thanks bro. Couldn't have done it without you.

Faramarz: It is actually true. RSK high school had a lot to do with how I turned out. Next time I'm in Iran I hope to interview our modir, Khanom Kia, extensively.

Didani: You're of course another partner in crime! A pleasure to see old ties manifesting themselves in fresh connection. Guilt? Oh well. There is always reason to feel guilty!


didani

Sima/Maryam Jan

by didani on

I was referred to this article by a friend of mine whom few months back I gave a copy of your book as a gift, what goes around comes around!!! As he also mentioned, the timing of of your book was amazing, the parallels of then and now. I’m glad that your prediction or “nagging feeling” turned out to be true. I agree that the cat is out of the hat. However it looks like this one will be a long and painful struggle. For not only the young people in the streets of Iran but also for those of us outside who are following their struggle with a guilty conscious. V


sima

Thank you, friends!

by sima on

Sorry I didn't check here before! You are all too kind. If I knew who you really were I would send you complimentary copies. In fact, if you don't mind doing a kashf-e hejab to me send me your addresses to contact@urtext.us and I'll send you copies. I promise I won't "out" you publicly.

Defnitely, here's to a get-together in Iran... soon!


Faramarz

دختر رضا شاه كبيرى دو چرخه سوار

Faramarz


Congratulations. I can’t wait till I read your book.

And I know for a fact that your great insight into our culture is deeply rooted in your high school experience.


Anonymouse

So that's where the pre-fab (gerdo) avatar came from!

by Anonymouse on

//iranian.com/Nahan/2005/Tehran/2d.html

I'll read and see more of the photos later! 

Everything is sacred.


Jahanshah Javid

Keen insight

by Jahanshah Javid on

Your observations in Iran have been among the sharpest. You put a human face on the complicated and often contradictory transformations. And your powerful pen made them compelling:
//iranian.com/nahan.html

And congratulations to your own Kashfe Hejab, Maryam.


Princess

Wow

by Princess on

Maryam jaan, I don't know how I could have missed this. You had mentioned a few weeks ago the you were working on a book, but I had no idea it would be out so soon, and a second edition at that!

I look forward to getting my own copy. 

 


Azadeh Azad

Maryam Jan

by Azadeh Azad on

I have always enjoyed your wonderful style of writing and your penetrating gaze at the Iranian society.

//iranian.com/Nahan/2005/Tehran/12.html

I will certainly purchase your book. Hopefully we shall meet in Tehran of a free and democratic Iran sooner rather than later.

Azadeh


sima

شعار زنان

sima


بر ریشه تبعیض تبر زن هستم

خاشاک تویی حقیر، من زن هستم

 


Monda

anonymouse jan,

by Monda on

kojaasho didi?! :o)  Read the book!


Anonymouse

Oh wow! Who knew! This is a whole bunch of news all by itself!

by Anonymouse on

I didn't know you've been to Iran in the past few years but good to know cause the book will be based on real observations.  Will probably get the book, sounds interesting. 

Everything is sacred.


sima

Anonymouse jan

by sima on

I am Sima Nahan, "sima" on IC, and my real name is Maryam Pirnazar. Read all about it, hot off the press, in the piece above!

And thanks for the compliment!


Anonymouse

Sounds like an interesting book.

by Anonymouse on

Monda jaan who is Maryam?

Sima jaan are you the author Sima?  

Everything is sacred.


Monda

Maryam aziz

by Monda on

You have my gratitude for posting excerpts of your new edition here. "Returning to Iran" is the most comprehensive there has ever been on the phenomenon that IRI has become and its impact on our multifaceted personal lives.  My deepest regards goes to the women who have been participating in the freedom movement inside Iran and outside.