IN “Garden of the Brave in War,” his classic memoir of life on a pomegranate farm in 1960s Iran, the American writer Terence O’Donnell recounts how his illiterate house servant, Mamdali, would wake him every morning with a loud knock on the door and a simple question: “Are you an Arab or an Iranian?”
“If I was naked,” O’Donnell explained, “I would answer that I’m an Arab and he would wait outside the door, whereas if I was clothed I would reply that I was an Iranian and he would come in with the coffee.” This joke went hand in hand, O’Donnell wrote, with an age-old chauvinism that depicted the Persians’ Arab neighbors as “uncivilized people who went about unclothed and ate lizards.”
The Islamist victors of the 1979 Iranian revolution intended to change things, to replace the shah’s haughty Persian nationalism with an Arab-friendly, pan-Islamic ideology. Yet Tehran’s official reaction to the 2011 Arab awakening shows that, at the heart of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Middle East strategy, there lays a veiled contempt for Arab intelligence, autonomy and prosperity.
What many young Iranians see as a familiar struggle for justice, economic dignity and freedom from dictatorial rule, Iranian officialdom has struggled to spin as a belated Arab attempt to emulate the Islamic revolution and join Tehran in its battle against America and Israel.
The delusions of the Iranian regime are partly attributable to a generation gap. Tehran’s ruling elite continue to cling to the antiquated ideology of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, whose worldview was formed by decades of imperial transgressions in Iran. The demographic boom in the Middle East, however, has brought a wave of young Arabs and Iranians who associate subjugation and injustice not with colonial or imperial powers, but with their own governments.
Until now, Iran’s interests have been served by the Arab status quo: frustrated populations ruled over by emasculated regimes incapable of checking Israel, and easily dismissed as American co-dependents. A conversation I once had with a senior Iranian diplomat is instructive.
He complained, justifiably, about Washington’s excessive focus on military power to solve political problems. I posed a simple hypothetical: What if, instead of having spent several billion dollars financing Hezbollah, Hamas and Islamic Jihad over the past three decades, Iran had spent that money educating tens of thousands of Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites to become doctors, professors and lawyers? Wouldn’t those communities now be much better off and in a much stronger position to assert their rights vis-à-vis Israel?
“What good would that have done for Iran?” he responded candidly. (He himself had a doctorate from a British university.) “Do you think if we sent them abroad to study they would return to southern Lebanon and Gaza to fight Israel? Of course not; they would have remained doctors, lawyers and professors.”
Iran, in essence, understands that it can inspire and champion the region’s downtrodden and dispossessed, but not the upwardly mobile. Its strategy to dominate the Middle East hinges less on building nuclear weapons than on the twin pillars of oil and alienation.
Iranian petrodollars are used to finance radicals — Khaled Meshaal in Syria, Hassan Nasrallah in Lebanon and Moktada al-Sadr in Iraq, to name a few — who feed off popular humiliation. As an Arab Shiite friend once complained to me, “Iran wants to fight America and Israel down to the last Palestinian, Lebanese and Iraqi.”
At first glance, the fall of Western-oriented Arab governments may appear to be a blow to Washington and a boon for Tehran. The seeming consensus among Western analysts and pundits — that Iran will fill the Middle East power vacuum — is short-sighted.
While the relationship between Egypt and Iran — the region's two oldest and most populous nations — will likely improve, the competition between them will likely intensify.
Tehran’s ascent in the Arab world over the last decade has been partly attributable to Cairo’s decline. The potential re-emergence of a proud, assertive Egypt will undermine Shiite Persian Iran’s ambitions to be the vanguard of the largely Sunni Arab Middle East. Indeed, if Egypt can create a democratic model that combines political tolerance, economic prosperity and adept diplomacy, Iran’s model of intolerance, economic malaise and confrontation will hold little appeal in the Arab world.
Renewed Iranian influence in places like Bahrain and Yemen may also prove self-limiting. As we have seen in Iraq, familiarity with Iranian officialdom often breeds contempt. Polls have shown that even a sizable majority of Iraq’s Shiites resent the meddling in their affairs by their co-religionists from Iran. “The harder they push,” said Ryan Crocker, a former United States ambassador to Iraq, “the more resistance they get.”
Elsewhere in the Arab world, Iranian proxies like Hezbollah will increasingly find themselves in the awkward position of being a resistance group purportedly fighting injustice while simultaneously cashing checks from a patron that is brutally suppressing justice at home.
The Arab uprisings of 2011 will also, of course, have their effect on Iran internally. Iranian democracy advocates have long taken solace in the belief that they were ahead of their Arab neighbors, who would one day too have to undergo the intolerance and heartaches of Islamist rule. The largely secular nature of the uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia have bruised the Iranian ego: were they the only ones naïve enough to succumb to the false promise of an Islamic utopia?
It has been said about authoritarian regimes that while they rule their collapse appears inconceivable, but after they’ve fallen their demise appears to have been inevitable. In the short term Tehran’s oil largesse and religious pretensions have seemingly created for it deeper, if not wider, popular support than many Arab regimes.
But the regime’s curiously heavy-handed response to resilient pro-democracy protests — including the recent disappearance of opposition leaders Mir Hussein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi — betrays its anxiety about the 21st-century viability of an economically floundering, gender-apartheid state led by a “supreme leader” who purports to be the prophet’s representative on Earth.
Tehran publicly cheered the fall of Egyptian and Tunisian regimes undone by corruption, economic stagnation and repression. Do its rulers not know that Iran — according to Transparency International, Freedom House and the World Bank — ranks worse than Tunisia and Egypt in all three categories?
A saying often attributed to Lenin best captures the sorts of tectonic shifts taking place in today’s Middle East. “Sometimes decades pass and nothing happens; and then sometimes weeks pass and decades happen.”
The uprisings may not all end happily. As history has shown time and again — notably in Iran in 1979 — minorities that are organized and willing to use violence can establish reigns of terror over unorganized or passive majorities. Whatever ensues, however, the Arab risings have revealed that Iran’s revolutionary ideology has not only been rendered bankrupt at home, but it has also lost the war of ideas among its neighbors.
First published in NYTimes.com
AUTHOR
Karim Sadjadpour is an associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
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What "ideas"?
by Roozbeh_Gilani on Wed Mar 09, 2011 11:24 AM PSTWhen Iranian people voted in overwheming numbers for a "Islamist republic" in a referendum 32 years ago, did they know what an "Islamic republic" let lone the principal of "velayate faghih" meant? I dare say not. But that is precisely what happens when a vacuum of ideas and alternatives are created, which was the case in Iran in 1970's. People mad with their dictator of the time, turn to the first and only recogniseable alternative thrown at them. This is a lesson of history we ignore at our own peril....
"Personal business must yield to collective interest."
Brother Hass
by AMIR1973 on Wed Mar 09, 2011 11:22 AM PSTDid I hit a raw nerve? (I must have with the "oghdeh" in all caps). LOL.
But seriously, it's no joke that "akhoondha-yeh shepeshoo" have wasted enormous amounts of the Iranian peoples' money on worthless Russian garbage that has not yet produced one single penny of electricity after all these very long years.
BTW, keep enjoying life in the Evil West (while cheerleading the wonderful "achievements" of the Islamic Republic from thousands of miles away :-)
32 years of OGDEH
by hass on Wed Mar 09, 2011 07:28 AM PST32 years of OGHDEH doesn't help anyone.
If we wait another 10 years...
by AMIR1973 on Tue Mar 08, 2011 01:29 PM PSTWill that piece-of-junk Russian reactor at Bushehr finally start producing some electricity? How long does it take for a regime led by "akhoond-e shepeshoo" to get a bunch of thieving Russian charlatans to build a crappy nuclear reactor anyway? Next time, the Islamist rapists should ask the legions of Emam Zaman to build it -- it might happen faster that way. After all, look at how good Emam Zaman's civilian airliners and "military technology" work....
And wait another 10 years...
by hass on Tue Mar 08, 2011 01:07 PM PSTI remember when the "emergence" of a democratic Iraq or Afghanistan was supposedly going to result in the end of the IRI...and yet here we are, 10 years later...
Excellent article
by Ali Najafi on Tue Mar 08, 2011 11:10 AM PSTAnother excellent and insightful article from Karim Sadjadpour.
Nice literature, but remember that minority are lampoons
by Siavash300 on Tue Mar 08, 2011 09:57 AM PSTyes, the minorities that are organized and willing to use violence are thugs such as Ismal Tegh Zan or the other guy who is C.E.O of Donya felez factory. In pictures, we see their hidden knifes and daggers under their shirts. They are hired to attack crowd. This force has been in picture since 1979. Now, The question is how can we deal with these lampoons?
Good One Karim
by Mohammad Alireza on Tue Mar 08, 2011 08:09 AM PSTYes, it is bankrupt, and all that remains is the lust for power.
The power struggle in Iran over the past two years may have appeared to be for the office of the president but in actual fact it is about which faction captures and controls the power that the office of Supreme Leader has. And those that lust for this power are willing to kill, rape, and torture fellow Iranians in order to get it, and if it requires that they mask their actions under the banner of Islam they don't have a problems in doing so.
But what this faction fails to understand is that before 2009 only ten percent of Iranians saw what was going on but now over sixty percent can see what these imposters and parasites are up to. And this is why the collapse of this illegitimate and oppressive regime is inevitable… and in its wake it will bring about the reformation of Shia Islam because that is where the roots of the problems are.
..........
by yolanda on Mon Mar 07, 2011 08:27 PM PSTSadjadpour is super knowledgeable! A great article! I like the quote:
“Sometimes decades pass and nothing happens; and then sometimes weeks pass and decades happen.”
congratualations. One of
by vildemose on Mon Mar 07, 2011 07:22 PM PSTcongratualations. One of your best aricles yet.
Very good article
by Mehrban on Mon Mar 07, 2011 06:32 PM PST[minorities that are organized and willing to use violence can establish reigns of terror over unorganized or passive majorities. ]
This is exactly what has happened to us.
Above sentence is just a very small portion of this much more comprehensive article and by no means its central idea.
as usual, a great analysis
by hamsade ghadimi on Mon Mar 07, 2011 06:08 PM PSTas usual, a great analysis karim. you're one of the most consistent and balanced iran and middle east polical analysts. one of these days, we'll find out the regime's hand in fragmenting the iranian uprising with their own insiders who claim to be the leaders of the opposition.